Personal Statement And Social Responsibility Essay

Some of the important values identified in statements and artifacts of the organization are: respect, accountability, justice, integrity, altruism, compassion, social responsibility, honesty, courage, collaboration, competence, professional behavior, confidentiality, excellence, community building, rituals, and legacy. These values are expressed in agency’s statements and various artifacts. The Vision statement â€Å"All Children Deserve the Best† acknowledges social responsibility and excellence. The Mission statement states, Partnering with parents and community, we provide a strong educational foundation to prepare children for future success expresses collaboration and social responsibility. Agency’s Parent Handbook has all the relevant information for parents to get familiar with the rules, procedures, expectations, and recourses thus articulating accountability as the main value. Classroom Manual assists staff working with children and families, understand the requirements to work with children, families, and staff, thus expressing competency and accountability. Personal Policies discuss values such as fairness, integrity, professional development, staffs benefits, staff hiring process. Code of Professional Conduct requires professional behavior that meets the standards aligned with the NAEYC professional code. The values expressed are respect, honesty, accountability, concern for others, and courage. Confidentiality statement discusses privacy of clients and staff to beShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement On Social Responsibility885 Words   |  4 Pages Scrip Assessment Rhonda Allen L24906389 Professor Lunde Social Responsibility It is our responsibility as educators to teach our students how to be socially responsible adults. â€Å"The ability of the adolescent to identify and define social responsibility is important in defining who they are, where they fit in the social world, and building confidence in their sense of agency.† (Polk, nd) I want my students to be confident in who they are as individuals, my goal will be to nurture andRead MoreAn Analysis of the Invesco Corporate Ethics Statement and Corporate Social Responsibility Statement1149 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis Of The Invesco Corporate Ethics Statement And Corporate Social Responsibility Statement Introduction Invesco (NYSE: IVZ) is one of the worlds leading global investment companies with a diversified portfolio of institutional, retail and high net-work clients that form the foundation of their business model. As of the close of their latest fiscal financial reporting period of March 31, 2013, Invesco has $729.3B in assets under management (AUM), earning an adjusted operating income ofRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Ethical Responsibility1529 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility: Should we, or should we not. Corporate Social Responsibility (C.S.R.) is a theory practiced in the business sphere since fifty years. It refers to the duty of business organizations to adopt certain activities that will benefit the society in some way. Charity, health-awareness campaigns are few examples that a business undertakes to fulfil its objectives of C.S.R. According to this ideal, it is important for various corporations today to undertake such social activitiesRead MoreSocial Workers Must Advocate For Multiple Reasons974 Words   |  4 PagesIn Social Work Speaks, I decided to look at the policy dealing with alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. 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HSBC Canada has its head office in Vancouver and executive office in Toronto. HSBC has a wide range of business products including commercial banking which provides both domestic and cross border financing, retail banking and wealth management for personal banking services, and global banking and markets whichRead MoreEthics and Decision Making1334 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER I WHAT IS ETHICS? - Each society form a set of rules that establishes the boundaries of general accepted behavior. These rules are often expressed in statements about how people should behave, and they fit together to form the MORAL CODE by which a society lives. - The term MORALITY refers to a social conventions about right and wrong that are so widely shared that they become the basis for an established consensus. DEFINITION OF ETHICS: ETHICS – is a set of beliefs about right andRead MoreSocial Responsibility And Triple Bottom Line1427 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The statement, â€Å"It isn’t enough for a multinational corporation to be socially responsible; they must be a triple bottom line company to meet their ethical obligations,† is a brave statement on the surface. Breaking down and explaining the statement, plus providing insight to social responsibility and triple bottom line, will help to understand the impact of the statement. In addition, the underlying outcome from social responsibility and triple bottom line, known as wealth redistributionRead MoreEssay on Business: Mission Statement1372 Words   |  6 PagesBody Shop Case Study In this case, how does The Body Shop address the four components of social responsibility? In the Body Shop, what tensions among these components were at work? Legal- the Body Shop avoided animal testing and used all natural ingredients to avoid any lawsuits. They knew the products were safe since people have been using them for years. Ethical- Anitas personal and moral beliefs into her work is that she is against animal testing and made a great effort to make sure

The Civil Rights Movement During The 20th Century

Throughout the 20th century, African- Americans fought for the right to vote and went into great strengths to receive the equal power as a white American. The Civil Rights Movement was the starting point for many African-Americans to gain there full rights in the United States. The Civil Rights movement was the challenge to segregation that caused laws that separated blacks and whites. With this movement not only was the goal achieved to end racial segregation in the United States, but the Voting Rights of 1965 was modified to help as many individuals as possible. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 states the prohibition of the states and their political subdivisions from imposing voting qualifications or prerequisites to voting, or the procedures that deny the right of a U.S. citizen to vote because of race, color, or membership in a language minority group. However, this movement was not simple to go through. There were many acts of protest set off by both parties such as sit ins, boyco tts, and marches which sometimes ended in violence. Nonetheless, African-Americans had finally got the American Dream to vote in the United States and have equal power compared to a white American. However, 51 years later since the Voting Rights Act was passed, African- Americans still face racial discrimination in certain parts of the Country which leads us to question will there ever be an end to racial discrimination. According to the OED racism is discrimination that is directed againstShow MoreRelatedThe Jim Crow Laws And School Segregation810 Words   |  4 Pageseverywhere in the 20th century, and the population most affected by this were African Americans. Two of the most critical injustices committed in America during the 20th century were the development of the Jim Crow laws and school segregation. However, these injustices have been rectified as a result of the Civil Rights Movement and the decision of the supreme court of Brown v. Board of Education which brought import ant changes to African Americans. African Americans were deprived of many rights that theyRead MoreShanice Johnson Week 3 Civil Liberties Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesMaterial Civil Liberties and Rights Timeline and Synopsis Instructions Complete the following timeline with entries that demonstrate the development of civil liberties and rights over time. In part two, write a brief essay of at least 350 words which discusses specific social movements and how they relate to the development of civil liberties and rights. Part One: Civil Liberties and Rights Timeline Complete the second column with brief descriptions of key decisions on civil liberties. IncludeRead MoreThe Movements of the 20th Century Culture Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most important events that occurred in the 20th century? A century that was full of many innovations; most importantly, these events made a tremendous impact in our lives as of today. The 20th century contributed an abundance of improvements to our culture. In addition, the progressions of the advancement helped society lives to better, such as the industrialization, the remarkable inventions that made our lives easier. Nevertheless, the 20th century presented a copious amount of remarkable artistsRead MoreThe Impact Of The Civil Rights Movement1018 Words   |  5 Pagesof civil rights was a major one throughout the post-Civil War Reconstruction period and remained so throughout the period leading up to the Korean War in the 1960s. The civil rights struggle was caused largely by southern states’ t reatment of African Americans. Slavery was a rampant practice in the pre-Civil War south, and even those African Americans who managed to obtain their freedom were not treated as equals to other citizens in the southern states. Free black men did not have the right to voteRead MoreThe And The Great Depression1233 Words   |  5 Pagesof the 20th century in the United States was filled with peace and prosperity. However, in the background war was on the horizon. After two world wars and the Great Depression, some of the movements of the 19th century were re-established. Moreover, new movements emerged in response to the issues created from the wars and the Great Depression. I will discuss the major religious, social and political movements that emerged in the 20th century. Religious Movements During the 19th century, manyRead MoreDBQ Questions781 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿DBQ QUESTIONS Writing the DBQ Civil War Assess the following quote: â€Å"Ultimately, the Civil War reduced sectional antagonism and made the United States truly ‘one nation.’† ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Constitution Using information from the evidence below as well as your knowledge of the period, discuss the development of the United States Constitution as aRead More Progress And Movement In America Essay680 Words   |  3 Pagesstages during the civil rights movement such as Jim Crow Laws; and are now entrepreneurs; middle-class Americans, and some attend college. Despite this, presently, African American achievement has not been as significant since. The question at hand is that in modern times, is it â€Å"progress or just purely movement†? (Morrison) The Civil Rights Movement was a political, legal, and social struggle to gain full citizenship rights for black Americans and to achieve racial equality. The civil rights movementRead MoreCivil Rights Movement : North Carolina1680 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement in North Carolina North Carolina, like all southern states, experienced a civil rights movement after the Civil War. This movement would last for over 100 years until 1965 with the signing of the Civil Rights Act. While the term â€Å"civil rights movement† focuses on ending segregation and discrimination towards African Americans, there were other important freedoms and rights fought for in North Carolina. In addition to race; gender equality and voting rights, as well as,Read MoreThe Tyranny Of White Majority Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pagesfreedom, has been struggling with lingering racism and discrimination throughout the 19th and 20th century. Democratic reform throughout the century were implanted to eliminate the â€Å"tyranny of the white majority† Yet many scholars like Tocqueville, Fredrick Harris and WEB DuBois have challenged these results. The reality is that the tyranny of white majority has continued throughout the 18th to the 21st century resulting in a society that has suppressed and constantly failed to integrate African AmericanRead MoreCivil War And The 1960s1631 Words   |  7 Pagesback to the 19th century. This protest music focused around subjects that were topical for the time period. Among these topics were the Civil War. Another topic was slavery, and its abolition. A final topic was women’s suffrage. A famous group of protest singers was the Hutchinson Family Singers. Their notoriety, which spanned the mid-19th century, began in 1839. Their songs about abolition were what they were known for. They also sang about the Civil War, the temperance movement, women’s suffrage

Black Women vs Hip-Hop free essay sample

Crystal Smith once wrote that Images of black women In hip-hop culture make It more likely for them to be viewed as targets to be defaced and abused. This statement Is confirmed true there are many African American women In the hip-hop culture that are disrespected or abused In some type of way during the making of a video or even the lyrics of a song. There are many ways African American women of the hip-hop culture are being abused and disrespected. Some video women or as others would call them Video Vixens start off as stripers.The artists go out to these strip clubs see the women and ask them to be in their video. The women accept any offer and will do anything the artist asks them to do Just to make fast money. These women want to become famous and believe doing these disgraceful things to themselves will help them achieve this goal. The women are being disrespected by the things they are asked to do in these videos like the things they are asked to wear and the dances they are asked to do. In the article HIP-HOPs Betrayal of Black Women, Jennifer McMullen has strong views.She comments on how African American women are being betrayed by hip-hop, by the African American culture, and by their community. She also states how many hip-hop figures make excuses for why hip-hop continues with such a great, bold disrespect for African American women. Although hip-hop betrays African American women, in many ways there are still some African American women that go along with the male point-of-view. African American women that support this type of behavior from hip-hop are betraying their own kind and are losing this battle against hip-hop also.McMullen starts the article with Kevin Bowels statement on why hip-hop objectifies African American women. McMullen writes But Just as it was unfair to demonic men of color in the asses solely as wild-eyed radicals when what they wanted, amidst their fury, was a little freedom and a little power, today It Is wrong to categorically dismiss h ip-hop without taking into serious consideration the socioeconomic conditions that have led to the current state of affairs. Or, to paraphrase the late Tuba Shaker, we were given this world, we did not make it (214).Powell has a weak excuse for the disrespect towards women. McMullen writes So we were given this world, we did not make it; does that mean we cannot try to change the minds of others or the culture as a whole (214). One would agree with Tuba Shaker but we should improve what we were given instead of making situation worse. There should be a point where we overcome this world we were given. We should try to change the minds of others or the culture as a whole. Not all rappers in hip-hop treat women in these cruel ways. McMullen states Hip-hop artists like Tall Swell and Common arrest themselves as conscious alternatives, yet they remain passive in the face of unrelenting women-hating bravado from mainstream artists (214). Although, hip-hop has artist, who cares, respect and do not degrade women these artist still look up to the women-hating artist. These artists give credit for the type of music and videos other artist unlike themselves put out for society. The positive credits for the these songs.McMullen writes Most so-called conscious artists appear to care more about their own acceptance by mainstream artists than wanting to make positive hangers in the culture (214). These artists advertise themselves are conscious aware, but cannot or do not want to change the negative affects of hip-hop music. Women should not have to hear words like as McMullen writes about a lyric for the rapper Jay-Z l pimp hard on a trick, look Buck if your leg broke pitch, hop up on your good foot (215). Most rappers today are not as cruel as Jay-Z was in his earlier years. Jay-Z in fact no longer say these types of things, maybe he has realized that he does not need to degrade, and disrespect women to be a famous artist. Words like these are rash and should never be spoken at all, especially towards women. McMullen states that Hip-hop artist Eve, who describes herself as a pit bull in a skirt, makes an appearance in the Sporty Thieves video for Pigeons, one of the most hateful misogynistic anthems in hip-hop.Her appearance displays her unity with the women branded pigeons, but with the men who label them (215). Eve is in this video not as a pigeon but as a supporter of the rappers who are calling the other women pigeons. Her appearance is disrespectful to herself and women as a whole. There re many female rappers in hip-hop; many of them are standing with the same team that writes such harsh lyrics towards women.McMullen writes, This is a heartbreaking example of how hip-hop encourages men to act collectively in the interest of male privilege while dividing women into opposing camps of good and bad or worthy and unworthy of respect (215). Women rappers that are on that same team should realize that they are not special and that eventually their team will objectify them with that same disrespect. In conclusion, McMullen is using this article to let it be known how some AfricanAmerican women believe we are being betrayed by our culture and are looking for ways to take a stand on these issues. But as long as they have some women going along with these disrespectful ways and people like Kevin Powell there will never be a solution or change in this major problem. Maybe if all women took a stand to the hip-hop culture we can overcome some women feelings this disrespect . Rappers only put out what the fans want to hear. Therefore, fans should really listen to the words that these rappers are saying.

Why You Should Not Smoke Essays - Smoking, Tobacco, Habits, Smoke

Why You Should Not Smoke I am sure that you know that smoking harms your body. Then why do you continue smoking? Maybe you do it because you haven?t really become conscious about all the effects that smoking has. There are a lot of reasons why you shouldn?t smoke. Some of them are that smoking affects your health, that you spend a lot of money on cigarettes, and that when you smoke you are not respecting people around you. The first reason why you shouldn?t smoke is that smoking affects your health. If you smoke, your physical condition will be negatively affected, so it will be very difficult for you to succeed in sports. Also, smoking produces lethal diseases like cancer and reduces the length and quality of your life. Maybe you don?t notice all the physical effects of smoking immediately, but you surely will be sorry one day. The second reason why you shouldn?t smoke is because of all the money that you spend on it. Maybe you start smoking only when someone offers you a cigarette, but there will be a day when you will feel the need of a cigarette. By this time, you will pay whatever to smoke, and each time you will smoke more, so you will spend more money. All the money you would spend on cigars could have be spent in something better, don?t you think? The last reason why you shouldn?t smoke is out of respect for the people around you. When you smoke, you not only harm yourself, but you also harm all the people around you. So you mustn?t be selfish; you should at least avoid smoking in front of people who don?t smoke. Also, many people don?t like the cigarette?s smell, so they won?t enjoy your company. Would you like that? I have said just some reasons of why you shouldn?t smoke, so I hope that now those of you who smoke are able to think a little and try to make a smart decision. In addition to all the reasons I?ve said, I would like you to think about how much you love yourself and then whether you want to continue harming yourself. Think also about all the people who love you, like your family who doesn?t want to see you suffering or sick. If you decide to continue smoking, what a pity. But if you decide to stop smoking, congratulations! Remember that ?If you can dream it, you can do it.?

The Qualities That Make a Great President essays

The Qualities That Make a Great President essays The Qualities That Make a Good President Presidential election years generate a massive responsibility for the American voters. The public is charged with choosing the person who will serve as the next president. In order to decide who the best person for the job is, an evaluation must be performed of the candidates experience and qualities. Choosing the right person goes beyond political party affiliation, it goes to choosing the candidate with the right stuff. To begin with the voters must examine the traits that make a good president. Research suggests that stubbornness and disagreeableness are two traits associated with great presidents. Even though these are not admirable traits, they assist in the making of a great president. The president should be opinionated and willing to stand firm for what he believes is best for the country. Therefore, these qualities often equate to someone who is not easily swayed and is confident in his decisions. The president must be willing to take a stance for what he believes in to prove he is working in the best interest of the country. Additionally, researchers indicate that great presidents are more extroverted, open to experiences, assertive and focused on achievement and excitement. An extrovert is a very appealing personality to the public. The extroverts tend to be more concerned with the physical and social environment. The events they experience energize them. Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, Ronald Reagan and Andrew Jackson were all considered extroverts as well as making the list of being one of the top ten presidents in American history. They are all known for their irrepressible energy that charmed the nation. As a matter of fact, Steven Rubenzer of the Harris County, Texas, mental health department said, Compared to other presidents those who were most open to new experiences are most likely to ...

ACT Test Day What to Expect and How to Prepare

ACT Test Day What to Expect and How to Prepare SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you taking the ACT soon? This complete guide will go over exactly what to expect on test day, from when to arrive at your testing center to when it’s safe to turn your cell phone back on. Beyond the logistics, we’ll discuss what you can do in the days and weeks leading up to the test to fully prepare and feel confident. Read on to learn what to expect on ACT test day when you arrive, take the test, and finish up, alongside the most useful tips for doing your best throughout the day. ACT Test Day: Arrival The doors to your test center are open for just a fifteen-minute window of time, between 7:45 and 8 AM. A closed door means you won't be allowed in, so it’s absolutely essential that you arrive on time. There may be a line of students waiting outside the test center. When doors open, you should be greeted by helpers that check you in and direct you to your testing room. In the rare instance that there aren’t enough helpers, you should be able to find your locationby consulting lists outside each room. Typically, students are assigned to a room alphabetically. After you check in with your ID and admission ticket, you’ll put your bags, jacket, and any other belongings in adesignated area. This area may be a locker or simply under your desk. Seats are usually assignedin alphabetical order, so you’ll take your seat according to the test proctor’s instructions. Once everyone’s packed away their things and taken their seats, the proctor will start to pass out testing materials, namely the test booklets and answer sheets. You can’t open any of these materials until told to do so and will spend the next half hour to an hour listening to instructions and filling out identifying information, like your name, email, and address. All of this should be a highly structured process, but there are a few ways you can approach the morning to make sure everything goes smoothly. Read on for tips around your arrival to your ACT testing center. Doors close at 8, so don't be late! No amount of rhyming will help fix your timing. Tips for Arrival It’s essential that you arrive on time to your ACT testing center, as latecomers won’t be admitted to the test. I’d suggest planning to be there around 7:30, or a little earlier if you’re concerned about logistics like parking. Arriving much earlier could mean you turn into a nervous wreck waiting around outside the school; much later and you’re rushing to get in after students have already started to enter. Right around 7:30 is the sweet spot. So how can you set the conditions that will enable you to arrive on time? First, you should prepare everything you need the day before, a checklist I’ll elaborate on below. You should at least try to get to sleep early, as well as get up when your alarm goes off rather than adding an extra half hour via the snooze button. Leave yourself enough time to get ready in the morning, and plan out your clothes and breakfast the night before so you don’t waste time searching for clean clothes or discovering that you just ran out of your favorite granola. In addition to preparing the day before, you should also familiarize yourself with the route before test day if you’re testing somewhere other than your usual high school. On a similar note, you should consider what traffic conditions will be like to account for any unusual delays. Underestimating the time it takes to get there would be a highly stressful way to start your day. When you enter the testing center, make sure you know where your belongings are supposed to be and double check that your cell phone is turned off. ACT, Inc. is strict in prohibiting any technology that makes sound or could possibly record testing materials, so a mistake here could result in your test getting cancelled. Finally, make sure to listen to all the proctor’s instructions and follow them to a T. The whole process is rather rigid, and you need to fill out everything correctly to make sure your test scores don’t get delayed. Plus, just as a ringing cell phone could result in your scores getting cancelled, so too could opening and looking at the test booklet before the test officially begins. The proctor will instruct you when to start, so wait for her green light before commencing on your first section. Once you’ve gotten through this morning process, you’ll finally start in on the main event: taking the ACT. Proctor says, get started! By the way, if your proctor's a Bordeaux mastiff, you should be eligible for a makeup test. ACT Test Day: Taking the Test There’s no exact time when you’ll start in on your first section of the ACT. Instead, it depends on how long it takes everything to get settled and to get through the first round of instructions. If you get through the preliminaries fast, then you’ll start around 8:30. If your group takes its time, then you’ll start around 9:00. Most test-takers will start somewhere in between. The ACT consists of four sections, or five if you opt to take the essay. These sections are always in the same order: English, Math, Reading, Science, and optional Writing. Once you start testing, the next few hours will look like this: Begin with the 45-minute English section. When instructed, move immediately onto the 60-minute Math section. Take a 5-minute break. Touch your toes, have a snack, use the restroom. Then return to your desk to complete the next two sections. Take the 35-minute Reading section. When your proctor tells you to do so, move right onto the 35-minute Science section. Gather your things and leave quietly if you’re not taking theWriting section. Enjoy a 5-minute break if you will be writing the essay. After you complete this 40-minute section, you’ll be all finished with the ACT! If you’re not writing the essay, then you’ll be finished around 12:15, perhaps a little earlier or later depending on when you started testing and how strict your proctor was about limiting the breaks to five minutes. If you do write the essay, then you’ll finish around 1:00 in the afternoon. Just as the proctor will lead you through the morning steps with instructions, so too will she tell you when to start and stop each section. She may also give you a five or ten-minute warning when the section’s about to end, perhaps writing the time left on the board. While you’ve done everything you can at this point to prep for taking the ACT, is there anything extra you can do as you test to ensure that everything goes smoothly? Prep with timed practice tests to help you win your race against the clock. Clocks don't have legs, so you're a crowd favorite for first place. Tips for Taking the Test As you’re taking the test, your prep and planning should kick in, helping you with time management strategies and the concepts you studied for the ACT. You should also have familiarized yourself with the order and timing of the test, so that you know exactly what to expect going in. Of course, you should still listen carefully to your proctor’s instructions, but ideally you already know exactly what she’s going to say. You also have to make sure to resist the temptation of flipping forward or backward in your test booklet. Getting a preview of a future section is strictly prohibited, as is going back to fill in an answer or double check a question from a section that’s already concluded. This strict structure is all part of ACT’s confidentiality thing; make sure you don’t look at any section except the one currently open, as shuffling through could result in, you guessed it, score cancellation. This rule also means that you should direct your focus on the task at hand. If you struggled with the English section, try to push it out of your mind and concentrate next on math. Try not to let one section or passage trip you up for the others. You can practice sharpening your focus and mindfulness in the months leading up to the test. In between test sections, you should also definitely take advantage of your designated breaks. The ACT is a long and demanding test that requires a lot of energy. Physically moving around and stretching will get your blood flowing and re-energize you for the sections to come. Looking away from your test will also help reduce eye strain that comes from focusing up close for a long time. Take a walk, stretch, drink water, have a snack; all of these little behaviors will help you recharge and take on the rest of the test. Finally, just as you should be familiar with the structure of the ACT, you should also be aware of your rights as a test-taker. You’re entitled to afive-minute break, or twoif you’re taking the essay. You should get a quiet testing space free of disruptions. The unfortunate reality is that not all testing centers have equal conditions, and many students have had to deal with distracting noise problems, like construction outside their window. Testing environment inequities are one more way that the ACT may not test students on such an equal playing field as it likes to claim. However, you can ensure the best possible testing conditions by being aware of your rights and speaking up if they’re not honored. If your test proctor skips over your designated break, speak up and make sure you get that time to move around and recharge. If you prepare totake the test, focus on the sections at hand, and take advantage of your break times, then you’ll be able to maximize your performance on test day. As for after the test, what do you need to know about finishing up for the day? Tip #1 for finishing up: don't start your 70s-style disco party until you've passed in your test and left the testing center. ACT Test Day: Finishing Up As you read above, your exact end time will vary depending on when you started testing and whether or not you’re taking the essay section at the end. Any discrepancies in break times could also have a small effect on end time. For the most part, students taking the ACT without Writing will be finished around 12:15, while those staying for the essay will be done around 1:00. When you’re finished, the proctor will ask all students to close their test booklets. The proctor will instruct you about any last minute tasks and finally, collect all the testing materials. When you get the green light, you can leave the testing center. Once you’re outside, you can turn your cell phone back on, call for a ride or head home, and enjoy the rest of your day! Tips for Finishing Up While you may feel like turning your cell phone on and sharing with the rest of the world that you finally finished the ACT, I’d advise waiting until you leave the testing center. Especially if you’re not taking the essay section, you should respect that people are still in testing mode and leave quietly so as not to break their concentration. All students should refrain from discussing specific test questions with one another or writing about them online. Just as ACT, Inc strictly prohibits technology, so too does it forbid the sharing of specific test questions. Basically, you should think of your test as being preserved in a big orange envelope with â€Å"Confidential† stamped across it, like a file in the Pentagon. Who knew standardized tests came with such high stakes? Once you leave the testing center, though, feel free to throw your hands up and celebrate all your hard work! Congratulations, you finished the ACT. You’ll get your scores back in about two weeks (and your essay score about two weeks after that). Now that you know the ins and outs of test day, let’s move beyond logistics to discuss what else you can do to prepare yourself for the challenge of test day. What steps can you take to tie up any loose ends and boost your confidence before the big test? How can you channel a lion, nature's most confidentand well-coiffed animal? How to Feel Confident on ACT Test Day There are several strategies you can use to feel calm, cool, and collected for test day. Some are operational, like packing your bag, while others have to do with promoting your physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Let’s go over the most important ones that will help you manage your time and stress and feel your best for the ACT. Pack Your Bag the Night Before Nothing can start the day off on a stressful foot quite like losing your admission ticket. Take this possibility off the table by preparing everything you need the night before. The essential materials are your printed admission ticket, an acceptable photo ID, No. 2 pencils (with erasers), and a calculator. Beyond these necessities, you should probably also bring nutritious snacks and a hydrating drink, like water or Gatorade. You might also bring a watch, as long as it’s silent, to keep track of time. If a watch is just distracting, though, then leave it home. Finally, you could bring along backup batteries for your calculator, just in case! Make sure you don’t have any prohibited materials, like technology with audible alarms or recording capabilities (or, if you do, that they’re turned off and don’t leave your bag). You can’t bring these out at all during the test, not even during break times. Pack your bag in an organized way so that you can easily access everything you need. As long as you put everything together the night before, you can rest easy with the knowledge that the only thing you need to do the next morning is tograb your bag on the way out the door. Prioritize Self-Care Taking care of your well-being should always be a top priority, and it becomes perhaps even more important during times of stress and pressure. Taking the ACT, along with the whole college admission and planning for your future process, certainly qualifies as one of those times. By taking care of your mental, emotional, physical, and perhaps, spiritual state, you can stay healthy and happy and meet these challenges with confidence and self-awareness. How you go about self-care varies by individual, but you should set time aside to engage in activities that you enjoy and that bring you peace of mind. Some of these may include spending time outside, listening to music, doing yoga, practicing meditation, spending time with friends and family, or writing in a journal. Time management techniques might also help you reduce stress in your day to day life and divide up your responsibilities in a manageable way. Self-care is about listening to your internal voice and being kind to yourself. Seek out environments that make you feel good (or clean up the one you’re in). If you haven’t recently, drink a big glass of water. Little gestures of self-care may make you feel better, stronger, and prepared to meet the challenges coming your way. Exercise can also play a big part in the self-care equation. As we learned from Elle Woods (or, at least, my generation did), "Exercise gives you endorphins. Endorphins make you happy. Happy people just don't [crash and burn during the ACT]." (Legally Blonde/MGM/EOnline) Harness the Power of Exercise Exercise is another great way to take care of your physical health, and it can significantly improve your mental and emotional health too. Being active can boost your endorphins, which are neurotransmitters that boost happiness and reduce stress. Getting immersed in exercise can also serve as a sort of meditation, clearing your mind of its typical chatter and allowing you to lose yourself in the present moment. Overcoming physical challenges, furthermore, can make you feel even more capable oftackling other challenges that come along, like taking the ACT. If you play on a sports team, then great; you’ve likely already got a routine of exercise, plus you can enjoy the benefits that come from being part of a team. If exercise isn’t a big part of your schedule, try to make room for walking, running, dancing, swimming, or even an at-home yoga practice. Start at least a month before the ACT, at least for half an hour three times a week, and see if it has any effect on your mood and outlook. If you’re prone to test-taking anxiety or just want to boost your confidence before test day, throwing on your running shoes or rolling out your yoga mat might just be the game-changer you need. Set the Conditions for Quality Sleep Sleeping a peaceful, uninterrupted eight hours the night before a big test mightbe more aspirationthan reality for you, but you can, at least, set the conditions to maximize your sleep before the ACT. Sleep will help you feel positive and alert, plus it’s essential for meeting that early morning wake up call before your 7:30 AM testing center arrival. So how can you try your best to sleep well? There are a few methods you can use. One, you should use the day before your test to relax. You might do a light review, but don’t worry about last-minute cramming - at this point, you’ve done all the studying you can to prepare. In the hour or two before bed, you should try a calming activity, like reading or writing. Screens just stimulate your brain, so try to put away your cell phone or computer before you want to sleep. Researchers also suggest that "blue light" can wreck your sleep, so try dimming the lights or even usinga blue light-blocking app to set sleep-conducive lighting conditions. Calming music can help, as well as sleep-boosting foods like yogurt, milk, bananas, oats, and herbal tea. Just like in our discussion of self-care above, you can consider a holistic approach to getting a good night’s sleep, considering your environment, food, and activities before you go to bed. Bananas have been shown to make people happier. So has looking at pictures of cute animals. So eating a banana while looking at this picture of a squirrel eating a banana has got to be the ultimate happy experience. Fuel Your Brain and Body with Nutritious Snacks The ACT requires a lot of brainpower, and all that power needs to be fueled by an energy source. Wholesome foods and water will sustain you as you work your way through a long morning. Plan out what you’ll eat for breakfast, ideally opting for something with protein and whole grains. Avoid foods that are primarily sugar, as they’ll just give you a spike of energy followed by a big crash. Eat breakfast before you leave, and bring a supply of snacks and drinks to reenergize during breaks. Avoid a mid-morning grumbling stomach so you can focus all your energy on taking the test. Wear Comfy Layers Just as an empty stomach would be distracting, so too would feeling cold, hot, or uncomfortable. Wear layers to prepare for unpredictable classroom temperatures, and choose clothes that are comfortable and make you feel confident. Pick these out the day before to help you get ready faster and easier the morning of the ACT. Think Positive! Have you ever heard about the power of positive thinking? Or of looking at a glass like it’s half-full instead of half-empty? Thinking optimistically can be a choice, to some extent, and it can both reduce stress and improve your performance on high-pressure endeavors, like taking the ACT. To be able to think positively, you have to understand the concept of self-talk. We often have a narrative running through our heads, drawing conclusions, shaping our perceptions, and causing our feelings. Someone who talks very negatively about herself and her surroundings will probably have a harder time succeeding in something like a big test, or, at least, will experience a good deal of stress. Someone who talks more positively about her circumstances and personal abilities may have a heightened chance of success, as well as experience lower levels of stress. Of course, people have all different experiences and circumstances, and some are more naturally prone to pessimism or optimism. Regardless of other variables, though, you can still cultivate awareness of your thoughts and how they impact your feelings and performance. By becoming more aware, you can try to challenge the thoughts that are holding you back and replace them with ones that are more likely to help you feel confident, focus, and succeed. Consider the words of encouragement you’d give to a best friend if she were nervous about the test or doubting her own abilities. Then consider giving that same pep talk to yourself. Focus on your strengths, rather than worrying about your weaknesses. Practice the power of positive thinking and be proud of yourself for taking this step toward the world of higher education! Celebrate all your fabulousstrengths, and feel proud of your commitment to higher education! To Sum Up... The ACT’s a challenging test, and you should do everything you can to prepare for test day. Empower yourself by learning exactly what to expect, and eliminate any unnecessary confusion or surprises on ACT test day. Prepare your bag, lay out your clothes, and figure out your breakfast and snacks the day before. Strike a balance with all your hard work, and prioritize self-care by making time for activities that you enjoy and that leave you feeling good. Finally, embrace the power of positive thinking when it comes to performing your best. As with all of your endeavors, you can continuously improve if you keep putting forth effort and persistence. What's Next? We’ve compiled our best content and strategy guides in one place to help you study for the ACT. Check out our ultimate guides to ACT English, ACT Math, ACT Science, and ACT Reading. Are you taking the ACT with Writing? If so, check out this expert guide to learn how to write an ACT essay, step by step. Do you have any questions about exactly how the ACT is scored? This article will explain the ACT scoring system section by section while also providing scoring charts that show your raw scores get converted to the scale between 1 and 36. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Economic and Financial Factors that Affect Capital and Revenue Funding Coursework

Economic and Financial Factors that Affect Capital and Revenue Funding For Social Housing - Coursework Example The paper endeavors to focus on the gamut of economic and financial factors, which influence the decision made on Social Housing. The study of economic factors pertaining to Social Housing programs are conducted in close relation to the models of granting housing subsidies like tax credits and housing allowances. Similarly, the financing initiatives of Social Housing programs are found to be an amalgamation of different financial instruments like loans, bonds, subsidies and private funding. Research made on the housing conditions of the European countries reflects general improvement of such in countries associated to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. However, with the changes in consumer tastes and preference patterns it is observed that new problems have started to crop up in spite of such developments. The effects of factors like immigration of people from different nations to European countries have contributed to altering the social dynamics of the countries. In the European context the government of the state helps extend financial aid to major banks in regards to social housing policies. The level of state aid extended to the banking sector helps them to continue giving loans and grants at times of severe economic depression also. Social Housing schemes are gaining increased popularity around the world owing to the innovations offered in the process of constructing the houses.

Drama Play- A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen Essay

Drama Play- A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen - Essay Example According to Nora, even though men refuse to sacrifice their integrity, â€Å"hundreds of thousands of women have.† (Ibsen, 1879) Nora had to leave the penniless Krogstad and marry Torvald in order to support her mother and two brothers. Torvald is condescending towards Nora and the dominant partner in their marriage. Nora hides a loan from him because she is aware that Torvald could never accept the fact that his wife had helped save his life. She also has to work secretly to pay off the loan. Nora’s deception and the attitudes of Torvald and society make Nora fall a victim to Krogstad’s blackmail. Nora finally decides to walk out of the marriage leaving her children. Nora fears that she may be corrupting the children and feels that leaving the children with the nanny is in their best interest. The main theme of the play is that when a society fails to function in a right way and when men dominate and oppress women, women are reduced to mere objects. The title of the play itself suggests this. Nora is nothing but a doll in her house. Another theme is that there can be no pretences in a marriage. Ibsen in order to make the play realistic wrote the dialogue in a simple, middle-class, everyday language instead of the elegant, haughty language of romantic plays. The dialogue is simple yet powerful and succeeds in revealing the human psyche. And the most important element of the play is that practically every object in the play be it the Christmas tree or Noras clothing are symbols that emphasize Ibsens theme. One symbol that keeps recurring throughout the play is the Christmas tree. The Christmas tree, which is used for decorative purpose during Christmas, symbolizes here the position of Nora in her house. The Christmas tree is present in the background of every scene and Ibsen succeeds in creating an undeniable association between the tree and Nora. Nora like the tree is only decorative, as was the case with

The Role of Itil Essay Example for Free

The Role of Itil Essay 1. Within an IT support help desk environment, describe the role of ITIL standards in the provision of quality IT service management. An ITIL Service Desk uses a standard set of best practices for lowering costs and improving the quality of IT service delivery. The aim of a Service Desk is to act as the operational interface between the IT organization and its customers, for achieving an organization’s goals. An ITIL Service Desk isn’t only concerned with taking and responding to calls, but also managing the entire lifecycle of the request as it evolves through other relevant processes. For example, a call may start as a simple incident which may then turn into a problem which is also related to several other incidents. 2. The areas in which professional institutions operate extend beyond simply representing their members. Discuss briefly two examples of this. Professional institutions operate in more than representing their members. Other areas in which professional institutions operate are setting standards; one way they do this is by setting and enforcing standards of behaviour for its members. Normally this is done through some formal code of conduct or ethics. They also advise government. 3. Depending upon your job role within an organisation, certain professional institutions may be more suitable to support you. Identify two roles and discuss which Professional Institution would be most appropriate. The roles I have chosen are computer programmers and software analysts. A computer programmer writes computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software. A software analyst is the person who studies the software application domain and prepares the software requirements and specification document. Software analyst is the connection between the software users and the software developers. It conveys the demands of the software users to the developers. The most suitable Professional Institution would be the IAP (The Institution of Analysts and Programmers) based in London. This would be the most  appropriate institution because the deal mainly in analysts and programmers. 4. Explain the range of ITIL standards available to practitioners. Release and Control, Support and Restore, and Agree and Define are three standards available. The Release and Control path to certification focuses on change management, release management, and configuration management. The Support and Restore path focuses on incident management, service desk processes, and problem management. The Agree and Define path focuses on service level management, and financial management. 5. Describe a typical hierarchy within a computing/IT department of an organisation and the types of professional development offered by professional institutions to support progression of the individual. There are many different types of hierarchy used in it/computing departments, one example is a human resources department. Director In the HR department hierarchy, the director oversees all functions. His duties include creating personnel policies and developing an employee manual. The director position also handles all personnel issues that may harm to the companys reputation. Directors ensure all necessary training programs are in place for new employees and existing staff members. This position answers to the company owner or vice president of the division, depending on the size of your company. Human resource division heads or managers report to the director. Management Division heads, managers and fist-line supervisors manage the day-to-day duties of human resource employees. Managers supervise analysts who may specialize in sections, such as compensation, benefits, recruiting, hiring, diversity and training. In smaller HR offices, some sections can be combined. Managers ensure that programs developed by the director are properly implemented and employee handbooks are regularly updated. Managers also directly handle sensitive HR (Human Resources) issues, such as discrimination complaints, so that lower-level employees are not included in the process. Specializing Analysts Each section in the Human Resources hierarchy contains analysts who are trained in specialized areas and report to management. Some positions conduct compensation studies to ensure that the jobs in a company offer competitive salary and benefits. Recruiting analysts look for the best places to market openings to gain the most qualified and diverse candidates. Benefit employees administer health insurance and retirement plans and workers compensation among other programs offered to employees. The diversity section ensures that the workplace is free from illegal discrimination policies and behaviours, while trainers educate staff on employee laws and other important company information. General Analysts If the business is small the human resources department may consist of a director and one or more analysts who are skilled in all areas. These generalists report to the director and perform the full scope of duties in the department. In a larger company, the generalist position can serve as the entry level before specialization is determined. The generalists spend time in each section while developing knowledge through training and experience. They eventually may be placed in areas where they can grow.

The Death Penalty Is A Necessary Evil Essay -- Pro Capital Punishment

The death penalty is a necessary evil that has a positive effect on society today. It is an effective deterrent of crime as well as a safeguard for society. It also helps to keep order in our cities. It is a just and effective punishment for those who have committed crimes heinous enough to deserve death. The death penalty is not a new idea in our world. Its origins date back over 3,700 years to the Babylonian civilization, where it was prescribed for a variety of crimes. (Capital Punishment p.10). It was also greatly used in the Greek and Roman empires. It continued into England during the Middle Ages, and then to the American colonies where it exists still today. In the colonies, death was a prescribed punishment for crimes such as: murder, rape, arson, and perjury. In America today, the main crime deserving death is obviously murder. (Capital Punishment p.11-15). Does the death penalty truly deter crimes and murder? This question is at the heart of a heated political controversy over the punishment. Opposers to the death penalty say no because of the large amount of people on death row today. They also say that states that have the death penalty have a higher crime rate than those that do not, and therefore it is not effective and somewhat contributes to the problem. (http://www.rit.edu/~wwl2461/cp.html). I must point out though that states that have the death penalty are usually highly urbanized areas that most likely will have high crime rates because of the large population. Rather, in rural states there is no need for the death penalty because the population is most likely low and scattered throughout the region. States that practice capital punishment do so because of high crime ra... ...most effective means of crime deterrent as you can see. It not only punishes those who commit the crimes, but also prevents future crimes by scaring the would-be murderer with the consequence he would pay for his actions. It has proven effective throughout history, and will hold strong through the ages as long as people continue to be corrupt and commit crimes. Bibliography The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints Written by David L. Becker, 2011 pp.b41, 70 Capital Punishment Written by Michael Kronenwetter, 2013 pp. 10-15, 31 "More Blacks Favor the Death Penalty" JET Magazine, Vol. 93, Issue 24, May 11, 2008 pp. 5-6 Pro Capital Punishment Page http://www.rit.edu/~wwl2461/cp.html Capital Punishment http://ethics.acusd.edu/mill.html The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), WEb. 13 May 2015. http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=18 The Death Penalty Is A Necessary Evil Essay -- Pro Capital Punishment The death penalty is a necessary evil that has a positive effect on society today. It is an effective deterrent of crime as well as a safeguard for society. It also helps to keep order in our cities. It is a just and effective punishment for those who have committed crimes heinous enough to deserve death. The death penalty is not a new idea in our world. Its origins date back over 3,700 years to the Babylonian civilization, where it was prescribed for a variety of crimes. (Capital Punishment p.10). It was also greatly used in the Greek and Roman empires. It continued into England during the Middle Ages, and then to the American colonies where it exists still today. In the colonies, death was a prescribed punishment for crimes such as: murder, rape, arson, and perjury. In America today, the main crime deserving death is obviously murder. (Capital Punishment p.11-15). Does the death penalty truly deter crimes and murder? This question is at the heart of a heated political controversy over the punishment. Opposers to the death penalty say no because of the large amount of people on death row today. They also say that states that have the death penalty have a higher crime rate than those that do not, and therefore it is not effective and somewhat contributes to the problem. (http://www.rit.edu/~wwl2461/cp.html). I must point out though that states that have the death penalty are usually highly urbanized areas that most likely will have high crime rates because of the large population. Rather, in rural states there is no need for the death penalty because the population is most likely low and scattered throughout the region. States that practice capital punishment do so because of high crime ra... ...most effective means of crime deterrent as you can see. It not only punishes those who commit the crimes, but also prevents future crimes by scaring the would-be murderer with the consequence he would pay for his actions. It has proven effective throughout history, and will hold strong through the ages as long as people continue to be corrupt and commit crimes. Bibliography The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints Written by David L. Becker, 2011 pp.b41, 70 Capital Punishment Written by Michael Kronenwetter, 2013 pp. 10-15, 31 "More Blacks Favor the Death Penalty" JET Magazine, Vol. 93, Issue 24, May 11, 2008 pp. 5-6 Pro Capital Punishment Page http://www.rit.edu/~wwl2461/cp.html Capital Punishment http://ethics.acusd.edu/mill.html The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), WEb. 13 May 2015. http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=18

Audit in Private and Public Sector

Audit in private and public sector * Research problem Private companies have lack of confidence, since they are not sure for property of financial records. Procedures and numbers of company are not reviewed regularly. Most importantly, internal controls are getting poorer, and reliability of financial statements is not attaining progress. In addition, errors on tax payment are influencing the yearly activity of company. All these pitfalls happen as result of ignores of annual audit. Many transactions happen during a year in bank account of private companies.The bank sees all these transaction; however, the responsible body for the money is board members. The main responsibility is to control whether or not funds are used appropriately. Therefore, financial records should be audited regularly. * Purpose of research The research will increase the awareness of financial makers within private companies. Through interviews private companies will see determine what is lacking their compani es. Annual tax control by Administration of Taxes is resulting on high amounts of punishment. This happens as result of lack of importance for external and internal control.The effort of research will be seen in changing the current managing method existing in companies. Annual audit expenses take place within companies’ expenses, rather than leaving the biggest place to marketing expenses of company. Not the last but the least, the audit companies will invest to increase the communication with private companies, in order to contribute in proper and right annual financial statements. * Significance of research The audit will determine the need for internal control in company, which increase reliability of financial system in company.The audit contributes to close the financial year properly, and start with a new year. All the misuses of funds and mismanagement of financial system are covered primarily by audit. Most importantly audit prevents issues of becoming bigger in a co mpany, which will negatively affect in upcoming years. The audit program also includes the comparison between actual income and expenses, and budgeted ones. Thus, the further planning of budget is supported by the audit analyses of previous years. Auditor checks some group samples of expenses, whether are approved, valid, and are spent from right category of budget.In addition, auditor checks bank statement of company, and look after high values of transactions, which are completed with printed checks. * Quantitative Research questions and hypotheses 1. How was the effect of entrance of European standards for business operation into Kosovo’s system? H1. It was very confused at the beginning, however with much training and presentations held by Ministry of Economy & Finance, it was settled down within company. H2. The European standards could not match with the previous financial system; therefore it took a long time to get adapted by company, and whole staff. . What are the d ifficulties of implementing audit report recommendations into company? H1. The audit recommendations often are difficult to be implemented within one fiscal year. The recommendations regarding the structure of company, and operation system can take longer time, in order to be implemented. H2. Recommendations are mostly concern of management staff, since they are responsible to control the implementation. Most of recommendations are denied by managers, and it takes a long time to verify these recommendations internally. Research design and rationale for its selection The research contains two group studies, the company overview before audit process implementation and overview after audit. Moreover, in statistical analyses two groups will include with a single measurement subject: never audited companies, and rarely audit companies. In this research, the implementation of audit process will be monitored, and the influence of audit findings in management will be measured. There will be some anonymous questions and answers will be asked after the implementation of process. Research methodology and rationale for its selection This study was focused on audit manual of office of general auditor in Kosovo, and aim to see the time by time changes in control method of companies. The designed questionnaire expected to shape the confusion of management, internal control, external control, and right financial statements in a company. A detailed questionnaire was designed with an objective to shape the interest of managers to apply annual audit, their management style of expenses, and the effect of errors happening in annual financial statements.The three questions are asked regarding the planning phase and planning documents that effect the beginning phase. Secondly, three questions are used for the percentage of materiality and its usefulness during choosing the number of samples to audit. Also the audit program as main documents for starting the audit phase should be des igned according to nature of audited entities. Finally, four questions are designed for the influence of audit findings for correctness of entity further. Be sure to include basic data collection considerations including sampling, population description, data collection procedures and feasibility of data collection. Firstly, the easier access of research is taken as potential population. However, the region and city of location will limit the research. The research will target private companies with over 500,000â‚ ¬ annual turnover, and private companies that have at least 15 employees. Private companies with high annual turnover are not obliged still by the law to implement annual regular audit, therefore, these companies are the target point to research the effect of annual audit.From this large group of companies, there is a list of some companies that have been punished by Administration of Taxes in Kosovo. Companies in punishment list are obtained by the department of macro business inspectors. These companies are anonymous and will not be published in research paper, since the confidence agreement is signed before obtaining the list. The same criterion is applied to all companies in list, so that all companies are equal opportunity of selection. * Instrument description and validationThe inconsistencies within this research are covered by questionnaires, and final draft of audit report. The first part of the instrument includes general information for company’s nature, the quality of financial statements, the experience of employees and management. However, the rest part of the instrument assess final draft report of audit where is presented the current situation of company, the findings that negatively affect financial statements, and recommendations to omit further errors. Statistical analysis methods Method applied to statistical analyses is paired test, since there are two groups to compare for correlation. This method is adaptable since a audit process can be repeated annually to two group of companies: the ones that never applied annual audit, and the ones that rarely applied annual audit. The values of audited companies are possible to be correlated with values of not audited companies. Most importantly, subjects are harmonized before starting collection of data’s.The second usable method is linear correlation, in order to measure group X (never audited companies) and group Y (rarely audit companies) for one single subject, and analyze the strength of association. References * Office of General Auditor in Kosovo, Independent Agency, February 2013 * Administration of Taxes in Kosovo, Public Institution, March 2013 * â€Å"M&K† Company, Accountant and Audit Services, February 2013 * â€Å"Dili Commerce:† Company, Instruction Services, February 2013

Exchange Rate Policies In Developing Countries

The monetary exchange in most developing countries is unstable due to the high level of inflation and weak currencies. The monetary policy of a country usually is affected by its monetary exchange rate. A country can attempt to engage on a reductive or expansionary monetary policy depending on the amount of money that is actually in circulation. A country with more amount of money in circulation with increasing inflationary rate tends to adopt a reductive monetary policy where bank interest rate is increased and expenditure on capital infrastructural goods is limited.On the other hand, an expansionary monetary policy encourages the increase in money supply to the economy by reducing interest and bank lending rate, and engaging more in capital expenditures. No matter the monetary policy embarked on by a government, this goes to influence the monetary exchange rate of such country. According to Svensson (2000) the significance of exchange rate on a country’s monetary policy lies in the additional channel that exchange rate provides for the transmission of monetary policy.Secondly, the exchange rate involve a forward looking variable in which case it provides valuable information in the designing and implementation of monetary policy. Thirdly, monetary policy is enhanced through foreign shocks that are mainly propagated thoroughly in exchange rate. A country can utilize either a fixed monetary exchange rate or a flexible exchange rate, depending on the supply rate of money and the monetary independence it choose to stick with.In a developing country, with weak institutions, the exchange rates of such countries are determined by relaying in comparative measure with currencies from other strong and stable economies. Thus, it is difficult for these developing countries to operate flexible exchange rates. As a flexible exchange rate requires that solid financial structure is laid, and consolidated, fiscal and monetary policy institutions are in place.Developing countries engages in fixed rate to operate its exchange rate. In operating, a fixed rate for monetary exchange entails that the country’s central financial institution, i. . the Central Bank buy and sell the domestic currency at a given rate. Furthermore, the viability of such monetary operation is entirely tied to the country’s level of international reserves held by its authorities. ECONOMICS INDEXES ASSOCIATED WITH A DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Most developing countries are consumers’ society with little production. Most revenue and means for generating foreign exchange for this category of country are on primary goods in form of exploration of natural resources and agricultural activities.Agrarian economies and exploration of primary products are mainly source for generating foreign exchange in developing countries. In other words, the economies of most developing countries are tied down to the apron strings of advanced economies. Electronics, technological produc ts, consumable products and finished goods are the main items of import for developing countries. The costs for importing these finished goods are more costly when compared with the amounts that are paid for exports of primary goods and raw materials from developing countries.The inequalities in the pricing regime in the international market are unfavorable for developing countries. This variable contributes to the foreign reserves of developing countries. Invariably, it affects the values of currency and its exchange rate. The monetary values of developing countries are weak when compared with those of vibrant economies. Inflation affects the economic growth and development of developing countries. In a situation where there is much money in the economy pursuing little goods in the economy, this situation leads to increase in inflation rate.Inflation reduces the purchasing power of people in a given economy. This weakens the value and use of money as a medium of exchange (especiall y in a galloping inflationary situation). To Ogbokor (2004), â€Å"Inflation, in a developing country, encourages inventory accumulation in the form of raw material, excessive investment in merchandise building and landed property. As a result, capital is prevented from being utilized for projects required for economic growth†.The implication of information in developing countries is that there brings about dearth of infrastructural amenities and the reduction of purchasing power of people for embracing a meaningful living. Financial institutions in developing countries, such as in Africa, are highly underdeveloped culminating in lack of depth financial consolidation, extensive inefficiency and over populated urban areas. The stock exchange markets in African countries are still in their embryonic state. They are just beginning to gain ground.In recent times, the Nigerian Stock exchange market (NSE) is making progressive growth in capitalization and growth in stock indexes. T he growth in the Nigerian market especially in 2007 financial operation year in the public reform policy taken in the country’s financial sector has aided the stock exchange market in the country. In 2005, the consolidation of the Nigerian banking sector through the recapitalization has brought great improvement in the banking sector and financial institution (Njoku, 2006).The great feet attained in the reform, policy has led the government to introduce this recapitalization policy in the insurance sector. In the past the Breton institution, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank have recommended several medicines for the ailing economies of third world and developing economies. Such measures to embark on a structural adjustment programmed that will involve the devaluation of their currencies, among other measures such as privatization of public enterprises, removal of subsidies on public goods and less government intervention in their countries econ omies inter-alia.Even though these developing countries have put the structural programmed into use there situation economically still remain the same, sometimes made worst. â€Å"This SAP-induced inflation has resulted in adverse income redistribution, leading to increased personal insecurity and lessened personal satisfaction, while heightening interpersonal and institutional tensions and deterring investment and inhibiting consumer spending† (Anyanwu 1992). MONETARY EXCHANGE POLICIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES The move to find an appropriate policy for monetary rate for developing countries has being on for decades now.But the volatile capital situation in these category of countries have made it more challenging for finding a lasting solution for the monetary exchange these countries. In these view, Velasco (2000) argued, â€Å"a significant conclusion that is shared from the volatile monetary exchange rate from developing countries is that adjustable or crawling pegs are e xtremely fragile in a world of volatile capital movements. The pressure resulting from massive capital flow reversals and weakened domestic financial systems was too strong even for countries that followed sound macroeconomic policies and had large stocks of reserves†.Since the 1970s, the volatile nature of the exchange rate of poor and developing countries is seen to be pervasive; as there are no stable, developed and consolidated financial institutions to peg exchange rate for countries and partners that these developing countries transact international business. The concern here according to Collins (1995) was that â€Å"the market for the developing countries currency were so thin, creating a volatile exchange rate that would be disruptive for economic activity†.The missing link for developing countries for a lasting solution for its exchange rate has being on the lack of a consolidated financial institution and stable economy. This situation for developing countrie s is made worst during the 1970s and 80s. â€Å"Prior to the 1980s, it was widely believed that operating a competitive floating exchange rate regime required a level of institutional development that developing countries did not possess† (Quirk, 1994: 135). The volatile nature of the exchange rate as recognized in the economy of developing countries is not entirely an inherent cause sometimes the activities of foreign and developed economies.For instance, the emergence of the European currency bloc has aided in rendering the exchange rate more volatile in developing countries. This according to Collingnon (1999) cited in Kawai & Takagi (2003) â€Å"has made exchange rates between the three major world currencies more volatile and thereby contributed to the reduction of cross-border investment worldwide†. The economic structures in developing countries in term of its embryonic and underdeveloped financial institutions are contributory factors that are making them have an unstable and unpredictable monetary exchange policy.The explanation for the long run inflationary trend in developing nations, according to the Structuralists, is in terms of certain structural rigidities. These include market imperfections and social tensions in those nations, including the relative inelasticity of the food supply, foreign-exchange constraints, protective measures, a rise in the demand for food, a fall in export earnings, hoarding, import substitution, industrialization, and political instability, inter-alia† (Ghatak 1995).The devaluation of currency of developing country is done with the aim to create a real basis for measuring feasible and accurate exchange rate between imports and exports of transactions in the international market. However, â€Å"the usefulness of real devaluation in stimulating growth may seem self-evident; this view is not uniformly supported either by prior theoretical research or by the experience of countries implementing exchang e rate devaluations† (Kamin & Rogers 1997). Devaluation of currency of developing countries have it untold hardship and high cost for goods and services.Looking at the devaluation of the Nigerian currency, Anyanwu (1992) argues, â€Å"†¦the continued naira depreciation has encouraged the smuggling out of goods (especially food stuffs) leading to local scarcity and higher prices. It has also encouraged a brain drain, partly in an attempt to reap the benefits of naira depreciation, the remittances from which are mainly used for consumption activities, again aggravating local prices†. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF A FIXED EXCHANGE RATE FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIESIn recent times, some scholars have conducted research to analysis the use of a fixed exchange rate as basis for structuring the exchange rate regime in developing countries. â€Å"Probity analysis is used to study the determinants of exchange rate regime, build their empirical models around a framework in which the polit ical cost associated with devaluation under fixed exchange rates plays a major role† (Frieden et al 2000). In a fixed exchange rate regime, the government of the developing country directly set the nominal exchange rate.Given the constraints and undeveloped financial institutions in developing countries, the practice of a fixed monetary exchange rate for developing countries is made difficult. The advantage of engaging a fixed exchange rate is to help stabilize a country’s economy. This is aimed at bringing structural change that would integrate the country’s economy into the world economy order in the quickest time possible. This has made currency board of most developing countries to take the move of attaining a fixed exchange rate as a priority that should be attain (Mart, 2004).Before the fall of the Bretton Woods system in 1973, many countries including many Latin American developing countries had adopted a fixed exchange rate regime. The reason for adopting this exchange rate regime measure is to control inflation, reduce exchange rate volatility or to improve competitiveness (Frieden et al 2000). In addition a fixed exchange rate regime tend to enable government of developing countries be disciplined in that they cannot fix any fiscal rate that would be excessive to cause the end or currency collapse.Fixed exchange rate sometimes is used as a short term corrective to harness a developing country’s monetary policy and help it gain credibility. For some developing countries like Poland, Mexico and Vietnam in the 1990s, the fixed exchange rate was utilized as a temporary measure to re-establish these countries policies to gain credibility (Ohno, 1998). Thus, a fixed exchange rate is acceptable in certain circumstances for developing countries, especially where there are unexpected real and financial shocks.However, this should not be permanently used as a measure for operating a developing countries monetary exchange. The flexibi lity exchange rate is more adequate for revamping the ailing and volatile exchange rate of developing countries. â€Å"In an unstable world economy, they must retain the ability to combine stability and flexibility as circumstances change. For the same reason, currency boards and permanently fixed exchange rates (with no escape clause) are not to be recommended† (ibid).In a galloping inflationary situation in a developing country, the exchange rate policy to adopt is a flexible one that allows currency to float and depreciate. After the tightening of the macroeconomic policies in such a country, it becomes useful to adopt a fixed exchange rate as a measure. As Ohno (1998) puts it, â€Å"As inflation subsides to a more manageable level (say, 10 to 20 percent per year), the fixed exchange rate becomes a symbol of monetary and fiscal prudence and its abandonment becomes politically too costly†.Invariably, it means that the utilization of a fixed exchange rate should come in when the inflationary rate of a developing country is becoming low and at a manageable level. Furthermore, the utilizing of a fixed exchange regime in developing country is significant in the sense that it provides stability of price to local economic agents. This is especially in the case where a country operates an open economy, in which exchange rate volatility may have substantial costs within itself (Frieden et al 2000). As earlier stated a country has the option either to choose a fixed monetary exchange rate or one that is flexible.For developing and emerging economies that want to choose a policy of a permanently fixed exchange rate this can be done through its currency board with it could adopt a common currency (‘Dollarisation’). On the other hand, developing countries can adopt a flexible policy, which according to Taylor (2000) is â€Å"†¦the only sound monetary policy is one based on the trinity of a flexible exchange rate, an inflation target, and a monetary policy rule†. However, the benefits and the cost implication of fixed exchange rates depend on the country and those variables and characteristics it is associated.For instance, a country with exceedingly high level of inflation with the urgently need to stabilize its economy will be beneficial to utilize a fixed exchange rate. â€Å"The higher the rate of inflation; i. e. one below some hyperinflationary threshold, the more a fixed rate will impose competitive pressures on tradable producers and more generally pressure on the balance of payments† (Frieden et al 2000). According to Collins (1995), a government of developing country should opt for a fixed exchange rate regime when it sense and anticipate a small misalignment cost from maintaining the existing peg.In addition, the need for government to adopt a fixed exchange rate is when she believes that discrete nominal exchange rate adjustments have only small political costs, when the government perceived her ability to manage a flexible exchange rate as low, or when the government attempt to stabilize a very high inflation. Third world countries usually are faced with political instability. During period of political instability, the adopting of fixed exchange rate by a developing country is more pronounced (Frieden et al 2000).The drawback associated with a fixed exchange regime for developing country is that an inflation differential between the pegging country and the anchor generates an appreciation of the real exchange rate, which in the absence of compensating productivity gains, hurts the tradable sector and might generate a balance of payments crisis (ibid) THE NEED TO ADOPT A FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES For a country adopting a flexible exchange rate, the government of such country has imperfect control over the nominal exchange rate in its monetary policy.In this case, â€Å"the actual exchange rate is influenced by some shocks both at home and abroad The greater the variance of these shocks the less control policy makers will have over the actual nominal exchange rate† (Collins, 1995). The right situation for a government of a developing state to adopt a flexible includes when it perceives and anticipate a large misalignment costs from maintaining a pegged rate, when the political costs to discrete nominal adjustments are high flexibility exchange rate is conducive in such situation.Furthermore, when the government believes her ability to manage a flexible rate was high, and when the government of the state is not planning to stabilize very high inflation (ibid). In the same vain Velasco (2000), argues, â€Å"If shocks to the goods markets are more prevalent than shocks to the money market, then a flexible exchange rate is preferable to a fixed rate for developing countries†.On the other hand, when every movement in the nominal exchange rate is quickly reflected in an upward adjustment in domestic prices, then the insulation provided by flexible exchange rates is nil and thus not expected to provide a satisfactory exchange rate regime (ibid). Under a flexible exchange rate, the change in relative price quickly takes place, unlike the situation in fixed exchange rate where it changes slowly. Thus, there is advantage for developing borrowing under a flexible exchange rate.A flexible exchange rate gives borrowers an incentive to hedge that may be absent under more rigid regimes† (Velasco 2000). With the advantage that accomplish flexible exchange rate, it is still expected that each developing countries should choose and adapt to its own exchange rate system with respect to common basket. â€Å"Whatever the formal arrangement that is adapted; be it a flexible exchange rate regime or a managed float, the important point is that each country in the region should stabilize the real effective exchange rate at normal times by targeting a common currency basket† (Kawai &Takagi 2003).The n eed for developing countries to adopt a flexible exchange rate is more on the volatile nature of the countries with weak financial institutions. The negative effect of exchange rate volatility for developing countries on trade is more obvious when compared to those of developed economies. Taking on comparison between the difference in exchange rate volatility between developing countries and developing countries, it is seen that work on Pakistan’s exports to Germany, Japan, and the United States for 1974-85 suggests that exports were significantly adversely affected by variability in nominal bilateral exchange rates.On the other hand, the effect of real exchange rate variability on the exports of Chile, Colombia, Peru, the Philippines, Thailand and Turkey have attained the clear evidence of generally considerably negative and substantial impact (ibid). Scholars have advocated more of flexible exchange rate for developing countries than a fixed one, however there are demerits associated with the use of flexible exchange rate. According to Collins (1995), â€Å"flexible exchange rates make it very difficult to alter domestic price and wage setting behavior so as to reduce inflation†.More flexible exchange rate regimes may result in higher equilibrium levels of inflation because they do not effectively discipline central bankers (ibid). CONCLUSION The monetary exchange rate of developing is characterized by a highly volatile and unstable exchange rate regime. Thus, it becomes difficult to adopt a fixed exchange rate regime, given the weak financial institutions in this category of countries. Furthermore, the embryonic state of capital market and other financial institutions in developing country further weakens the currency of these countries.Inflationary rate in developing countries are on the increase thus to stable the economy within shorter period, anticipating a short misalignment costs will be adequate for a government of a developing country to adopt a fixed exchange rate. On the hand to correct, a flexible exchange rate regime is suitable for a developing country in managing its economy currency stability over a longer period. The development of financial institutions and the consolidation of capital and money markets of developing country will aid them to embrace a feasible regime that would contribute to strengthen its currency value and ensure a vibrant economy.

Taxes essays

Taxes essays Through out the years, people have always complained that they have to pay too many taxes. But in reality, the government needs those taxes. I agree with Oliver Wendall Holmes when he said Taxes are what we pay for a civilized society. It takes tax money to insure a safe and productive society. The taxes people pay are always used for the good of the public, most people dont know what all is paid for by taxes. Taxes pay for everything from education to the pavement of the highways. At the state level, taxes help pay for our highway system. These highways allow our society to function in a beneficial manner. If we didnt have efficient roadways, goods couldnt be delivered and our society wouldnt be as advanced as we are today. Everything we buy has be transported from somewhere. Having taxes keep our highways in suitable condition insures the safety of the people. Both state and local taxes aid in the education of our children. Every year taxes are used to help repair old school buildings and help buy new modern equipment. Without this help, our schools would be left in the dark ages without the essential equipment that is needed to help the kids perform to their best ability. When children are taught in an exceptional environment, the results are having superior leaders in A significant amount of tax money is used by our national defense. Though out the years the amount of money used by the defense has gone down but it still uses a tremendous amount of money. With our national defense being one of the best in the world, most citizens feel safe. They dont worry about attacks from other countries. In other countries the residents feel unsafe in their homeland. I wouldnt want to live a life where I was afraid of what was going to hap ...

Battle of Rourkes Drift - The Battle of Rourkes Drift Zulu War

Battle of Rourkes Drift - The Battle of Rourkes Drift Zulu War Battle of Rourkes Drift -Conflict: The Battle of Rourkes Drift was fought during the Anglo-Zulu War (1879). Armies Commanders: British Lieutenant John ChardLieutenant Gonville Bromhead139 men Zulus Dabulamanzi kaMpande4,000-5,000 men Date: The stand at Rourkes Drift lasted from January 22 to January 23, 1879. Battle of Rourkes Drift -Background: In response to the death of several colonists at the hands of the Zulus, South African authorities issued an ultimatum to the Zulu king Cetshwayo requiring that the perpetrators be turned over for punishment. After Cetshwayo refused, Lord Chelmsford assembled an army to strike at the Zulus. Dividing his army, Chelmsford sent one column along the coast, another from the northwest, and personally traveled with his Centre Column which moved through Rourkes Drift to attack the Zulu capital at Ulundi. Arriving at Rourkes Drift, near the Tugela River, on January 9, 1879, Chelmsford detailed Company B of the 24th Regiment of Foot (2nd Warwickshire), under Major Henry Spalding, to garrison the mission station. Belonging to Otto Witt, the mission station was converted into a hospital and storehouse. Pressing on to Isandlwana on January 20, Chelmsford reinforced Rourkes Drift with a company of Natal Native Contigent (NNC) troops under Captain William Stephenson. The following day, Colonel Anthony Durnfords column passed through en route to Isandlwana. Late that evening, Lieutenant John Chard arrived with an engineer detachment and orders to repair pontoons. Riding ahead to Isandlwana to clarify his orders, he returned to the drift early on the 22nd with orderes to fortify the position. As this work began, the Zulu army attacked and destroyed a sizable British force at the Battle of Isandlwana. Around noon, Spalding left Rourkes Drift to ascertain the location of reinforcements that were supposed to be arriving from Helpmekaar. Prior to leaving, he transferred command to Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead. Battle of Rourkes Drift - Preparing the Station: Shortly after Spaldings departure, Lieutenant James Adendorff arrived at the station with news of the defeat at Isandlwana and the approach of 4,000-5,000 Zulus under Prince Dabulamanzi kaMpande. Stunned by this news, the leadership at the station met to decide their course of action. After discussions, Chard, Bromhead, and Acting Assistant Commissary James Dalton decided to stay and fight as they believed that the Zulus would overtake them in open country. Moving quickly, they dispatched a small group of Natal Native Horse (NNH) to serve as pickets and began fortifying the mission station. Constructing a perimeter of mealie bags that connected the stations hospital, storehouse, and kraal, Chard, Bromhead, and Dalton were alerted to the Zulus approach around 4:00 PM by Witt and Chaplain George Smith who had climbed the nearby Oscarberg hill. Shortly thereafter, the NNH fled the field and was quickly followed by Stephensons NNC troops. Reduced to 139 men, Chard ordered a new line of biscuit boxes built across the middle of the compound in an effort to shorten the perimeter. As this progressed, 600 Zulus emerged from behind the Oscarberg and launched an attack. Battle of Rourkes Drift - A Desperate Defense: Opening fire at 500 yards, the defenders began inflicting casualties on the Zulus as they swept around the wall and either sought cover or moved onto the Oscarberg to fire on the British. Others attacked the hospital and northwest wall where Bromhead and Dalton aided in throwing them back. By 6:00 PM, with his men taking fire from the hill, Chard realized that they could not hold the entire perimeter and began pulling back, abandoning part of the hospital in the process. Showing incredible heroism, Privates John Williams and Henry Hook succeeded in evacuating most of the wounded from the hospital before it fell. Fighting hand-to-hand, the one of the men cut through wall to the next room while the other held off the enemy. Their work was made more frantic after the Zulus set the hospitals roof on fire. Finally escaping, Williams and Hook succeeded in reaching the new box line. Throughout the evening, attacks continued with the British Martini-Henry rifles exacting a heavy toll against the Zulus older muskets and spears. Refocusing their efforts against the kraal, the Zulus finally compelled Chard and Bromhead to abandon it around 10:00 PM and consolidate their line around the storehouse. By 2:00 AM, most of the attacks had ceased, but the Zulus did maintain a steady harassing fire. In the compound, most of the defenders were injured to some degree and only 900 rounds of ammunition remained. As dawn broke, the defenders were surprised to find that the Zulus had departed. A Zulu force was spotted around 7:00 AM, but it did not attack. An hour later, the tired defenders were roused again, however the approaching men proved to be a relief column sent by Chelmsford. Battle of Rourkes Drift -Aftermath: The heroic defense of Rourkes Drift cost the British 17 killed and 14 wounded. Among the wounded was Dalton whose contributions to the defense won him the Victoria Cross. All told, eleven Victoria Crosses were awarded, including seven to the men of the 24th, making it the highest number given to one unit for a single action. Among the recipients were Chard and Bromhead, both of whom were promoted to major. Precise Zulu losses are not known, however they are thought to number around 350-500 killed. The defense of Rourkes Drift quickly earned a place in British lore and helped to offset the disaster at Isandlwana. Selected Sources British Battles: Battle of Rourkes DriftRourkes Drift VC: The BattleBattle of Rourkes Drift

Corporate social responsibility in Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate social responsibility in Asia - Essay Example By initiating education, environment and health care programs, the government has established an avenue that firms are now adopting. For example, in 2009 the Chinese government launched an expansive tree planting program and in response Chinese based firms established tree planting as part of their CSR initiatives. Another notable aspect that makes China maintain a strong business to business relationship is the support among various organizations that operate in China. For example, based on its effort to support small enterprises and conserve the environment, Wokai benefits from the support of Cathay Pacific Airways and Morrison & Foerster that provides financial and legal support respectively (Chen and Dean, 2007). One of the major challenges that faced China is the earlier cases of violation of human rights that created a negative image of the country business atmosphere. Major cases that created a negative image for the government was the use of prison labor in order to produce p rofitable products in the international market. In the area culture, Alan (2003) argues that the government has been noted to violate human rights by persecution of individuals who engaged in activities that threatened the control of the government. However, in its effort to create investors confidence, the Chinese government has engaged in dialogue with foreign countries on the matters of human rights. For example, in the past 5 years, the government has invited delegations from Britain, France, Australia and France to access the human right situation. The major country that has led in the ending of human rights violation in China is US. In their studies on the impact of human rights on business investors in china,... One of the major aspects that make Japan a country with business opportunities is the extensive use of CSR in the Japanese corporate management. As compared to Europe and the US where firms aims at attaining short-term returns for their shareholders, Japanese companies place high value to all the stakeholders including the customers, employees, shareholders and members of the community (Waldenberger, 2007). In this regard, majority of companies in Japan have established departments that deal with corporate social responsibilities. Yamaha Company, a Japanese based firm is one of the key companies that have initiated a strong CSR department. Through this department, the company initiated Yamaha Forest reforestation program in 2010. During the first phase of the program that took place in Sukabumi Regency, Yamaha Motor Company in collaboration with Yamaha Corporation planted approximately 115,110 trees. Other organizations that are engaged in the environmental conservation in Japan incl ude Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and University of Kuningan among others.